Flying with Pets: New Airline Restrictions and Carrier Rules

Traveling with a pet requires significantly more planning today than it did just a few years ago. Between shifting airline policies regarding carry-on luggage and strict government entry requirements, pet owners must pay close attention to the fine print. Whether you are bringing a cat in the cabin or checking a dog into the cargo hold, knowing the current rules is the only way to ensure your animal makes it to the destination safely.

Major Policy Updates for 2024 and 2025

The landscape of pet travel has shifted recently due to two major factors: changes in federal import regulations and airlines trying to compete for pet-friendly customers.

The New CDC Dog Import Rules

Effective August 1, 2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented strict new rules for dogs entering the United States. This applies to dogs returning to the U.S. from vacation as well. Under these new regulations:

  • Microchips: Every dog must have an ISO-compatible microchip implanted prior to their rabies vaccination.
  • Age Requirement: Dogs must be at least six months old to enter the U.S.
  • Documentation: You must submit the “CDC Dog Import Form” online before travel. This form is free, but it is mandatory.

If you arrive at the airport without the receipt for this form, the airline will deny boarding. This rule applies regardless of which country you are flying from.

American Airlines Carry-On Policy Change

In a positive move for travelers, American Airlines recently updated its cabin pet policy. Previously, if you brought a pet carrier into the cabin, it counted as your carry-on bag, meaning you could only bring a small personal item (like a purse) alongside the pet.

As of mid-2024, American Airlines now allows passengers to bring a pet carrier and a regular carry-on bag or a personal item. This brings them in line with the needs of travelers who struggled to pack everything into a small backpack when flying with an animal. However, you still have to pay the $150 pet fee.

In-Cabin Travel: Fees and Restrictions

Flying with a pet in the cabin is the safest option, but it is restricted to small dogs and cats that can stand up and turn around inside a carrier that fits under the seat.

Current Pet Fees by Airline

Airlines charge a one-way fee for pets. These fees are subject to change, but here are the current standard rates for domestic travel on major carriers:

  • Alaska Airlines: $100 each way
  • American Airlines: $150 each way
  • Delta Air Lines: $95 each way
  • JetBlue: $125 each way
  • Southwest Airlines: $125 each way
  • United Airlines: $125 each way

The “First-Come, First-Served” Rule

Most aircraft have a limit on the total number of pets allowed in the cabin per flight. For example, Southwest Airlines typically allows a maximum of six pet carriers per flight. United and Delta also have caps depending on the aircraft type.

Because of this, you cannot simply show up at the airport with a dog. You must call reservations or add the pet to your booking online immediately after purchasing your ticket. If the pet quota for that flight is full, you will have to change your flight.

Cargo and Checked Pets: A Shrinking Option

Years ago, it was common to check large dogs as baggage. Today, many airlines have completely eliminated this service due to liability concerns and safety risks.

Who Still Flies Pets in Cargo?

  • Alaska Airlines: They accept pets in the climate-controlled baggage compartment for $150.
  • American Airlines: They accept checked pets only for active-duty U.S. Military and U.S. State Department Foreign Service personnel traveling on official orders.
  • United Airlines: They operate a program called PetSafe, but it is distinct from checked baggage and is treated as cargo. It is significantly more expensive and has strict routing limitations.
  • Southwest, JetBlue, and Spirit: These airlines never transport pets in the cargo hold. If your pet does not fit in the cabin, they cannot fly with you.

Temperature Embargoes

If you are flying an airline that allows checked pets, you are subject to weather restrictions. Airlines will not allow a pet in the cargo hold if the temperature on the runway at the departure or arrival airport is forecasted to be:

  • Above 85°F (29°C)
  • Below 45°F (7°C)

This makes summer travel with large dogs nearly impossible in the southern United States.

Choosing the Right Carrier

Your pet carrier is the most important piece of equipment for the trip. If the gate agent determines the carrier is too small or the animal looks cramped, they can deny boarding.

Soft-Sided vs. Hard-Sided

For cabin travel, soft-sided carriers are superior. The space under airline seats varies by aircraft model (a Boeing 737 has different clearance than an Airbus A321). Soft-sided carriers can compress slightly to fit into tighter spaces. Hard-sided crates are rigid and may not fit under seats with life vest boxes or electronics.

While every airline lists specific maximum dimensions, a safe standard for a soft-sided carrier is usually 18 inches long x 11 inches wide x 11 inches high. Brands like Sherpa and Mr. Peanut’s are designed specifically to meet these airline standards.

Carrier Requirements

The carrier must have:

  • Mesh ventilation on at least two sides (most airlines prefer three or four).
  • Waterproof bottom padding.
  • Zippers that secure safely so the pet cannot paw them open.
  • Room for the animal to stand and turn around comfortably (this is the most common check performed by agents).

Emotional Support Animals (ESAs) Are No Longer Exempt

It is vital to remember that the Department of Transportation (DOT) updated its rules regarding service animals in 2021. Airlines are no longer required to recognize Emotional Support Animals (ESAs) as service animals.

On nearly all U.S. carriers, ESAs are now treated exactly like regular pets. This means:

  • They must fit in a carrier.
  • You must pay the standard pet fee.
  • They cannot sit on your lap or in an empty seat.

Only fully trained Psychiatric Service Dogs (PSDs) that perform a specific task for a disability are allowed to fly for free and sit outside a carrier.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I buy a seat for my dog? Generally, no. Most major U.S. airlines (Delta, American, United) do not allow you to buy an extra seat for a dog. The dog must remain in the carrier under the seat in front of you. However, smaller semi-private carriers like JSX or specific programs on JetBlue (JetPaws) may offer different arrangements, but these are exceptions to the rule.

Should I sedate my pet for the flight? The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) generally advises against sedating pets for air travel. Sedatives can suppress respiratory and cardiovascular function, which can be dangerous at high altitudes. Consult your veterinarian for natural anxiety-reducing alternatives.

What if my pet is a snub-nosed breed? Breeds like French Bulldogs, Pugs, Boxers, and Persian cats are classified as brachycephalic (short-nosed). Due to their respiratory anatomy, they are at high risk of breathing issues during flight. Almost all airlines have banned these breeds from flying in the cargo hold completely. They may only fly in the cabin if they fit in a carrier.

How do I use the pet relief areas? Federal law requires airports to have pet relief areas. These are usually small patches of fake grass located inside the secure area of the terminal. You can find their locations on the airport’s website or app. Be sure to bring waste bags and a portable water bowl.